Lately it seems as though almost every other pet I see is itchy. Not just itchy, but...itchy! One of the first questions asked of me is, “Why?” (What a great question!). Some pets are itchy in their ears. Some are itchy on their feet. Some from head to toes.
We had quite a warm and prolonged summer (I am not complaining!) which added to the extension of seasonal allergies for those affected. Some pets that have never exhibited pruritis (itchy skin) before came into the clinic for advice. Short of handing out antihistamines to everyone like Halloween candy, I performed skin tests, tried antibiotics, prescribed shampoos and even used steroids in some extreme cases. For the ear infection group, ear smear samples lined up in the lab waiting to identify bacteria, yeast or ear mites.
Pruritis is a skin condition that arises from chemical reactions in the skin, stimulating the nerves. This causes the brain to react by sending a signal to scratch or bite at the body. Itching stimulates inflammatory reactions in the skin, leading to a vicious cycle. The pruritis worsens as the pet scratches. Occasionally we see pets with such bad itching it has broken the skin and caused a secondary skin infection (pyoderma).
It is important to know there are several causes for pruritis. Food allergy is a common finding in dogs. Cats are less likely to have food allergies. The source of the sensitivity is usually the protein source. Ear infections are seen in about 80 percent of dogs, with food allergies with anal gland problems close behind. A food trial with a novel protein can be used to determine if a food allergy is present.
Other types of allergies (environmental, for example) are channeled into a category called atopy. It is a hypersensitivity reaction to specifics such as dust mites, trees or grass. Allergy testing is usually required to specify the cause. These patients can also have chronic anal gland problems or ear infections.
Other causes of pruritis can include endocrine diseases. Hypothyroidism, a disorder of the thyroid gland in which there is an abnormal production of thyroid hormones, causes changes in the skin and hair follicles. This is turn can lead to pruritis. There are many other signs of hypothyroidism. Although pruritis is common, it is not present in all cases. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made by a simple blood test.
We certainly cannot talk about pruritis without talking about parasites! Ear mites, fleas, mange and other mini-bugs make up a fair portion of the cases we see. Most of these can be solved easily with various products tailored to annihilate the nasty little buggers.
If your pet is having chronic itching symptoms, it may be prudent to see your veterinarian. A complete medical history, physical exam and possibly some diagnostic tests may be a simple solution to help your pet feel better.